There have been plenty of attempts to emulate what COM does.
All operating systems have some sort of object model and sharing API's, but neither macOS nor Linux have anywhere near the thriving ecosystem and actual cooperation model between applications that Windows has.
GObject gets us some of the way, but the ABI and bindings for other languages make it a royal pain in the ass to export types from anything but C rather than just consuming them.
Rather unfortunate, because with GIR you could easily have a program written in a mix of Rust, C, Go, C++, Vala, etc. all playing nicely if they were all able to expose to the common object model.
All operating systems have some sort of object model and sharing API's, but neither macOS nor Linux have anywhere near the thriving ecosystem and actual cooperation model between applications that Windows has.