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Exactly. You could simplify things by giving AI a limited set of laws, but then you'd risk that AI would make some mistake in the parts that you didn't cover. So a failsafe set of laws would look very much like an actual program.

Fascinating article. I don't have enough knowledge to judge if the author's theory could make sense or not. But cosmology has always interested me, and I never liked the ad hoc and non-verifiable nature of some parts of the Big Bang theory. In particular of the inflation phase. So to me, any theory that gets rid of that is most welcome.

Surely there is a lot of Russian-motivated sabotage going on in Europe, but there's another group that might be motivated:

exactly today, a major farmer demonstration was already planned. They way they usually go ahead in the Netherlands is drive with their tractors over the highways towards The Hague, where our government is based. Obviously this leads to massive traffic jams.

A simultaneous disruption of the Dutch railways would add some extra effect to the expected traffic chaos.


Quite easy to go from a misdemeanor to terrorism charge if you sabotage the train network. IMHO likely those ** farmers causing insane amounts of damage while getting a slap on the wrist every time, that has to end. At least the climate activists only block one highway which you can work around. Unless it turns out it's them. Then they need be treated the same but it's not their MO.

Or the other group, instead of actually being motivated are being influenced by the those who would benefit even more from the distribution of chaos.

The JRockit JVM had it already 20 years ago, and the company was even bought by Oracle shortly afterwards.

Some of the features have been added to JDK or GraalVM.

It's not about giving hints to agents because they wouldn't find it out otherwise. It's about saving the work of them having to find out. Good skills files save tokens.

Having too many skills files increase tokens even when they don't get fully read. It's a fine line.

That's why you need to curate and adapt the skills for your specific project. That is, don't blindly accumulate skills downloaded from the web

How do you actually measure the token savings? Do you compare the same task with and without the skill, or is it more of a noticeable difference over time?

Both, in a way. In order to be sure it's the skill reducing token usage, you measure it with and without the skill, and then you do that periodically to account for all the other variables.

Alternatively, you pick a belief based on prior evidence from either approach you mentioned, which is the natural thing that many of us do.


You say: "you measure", "you do that", "you pick".

But what about "I"?


By watching them get it the first time, instead of watching them hit 10 locations before finding it.

I bet there is some mushroom species in Europe as well that contains that substance. All those stories about dwarfs, trolls etc. and especially in woody area's, they must have come from somewhere.


Not sure about the exact same active substance, but Amanita muscaria is the obvious candidate. It's also commonly shown as part of the imagery in stories involving tiny people: the Smurfs, Super Mario (it's the power-up that makes Mario bigger/smaller), Fantasia, Alice in Wonderland, and so on.


Amanita muscaria is iconic because it's the shroomiest looking shroom that ever shroomed, but by all accounts A. muscaria intoxication is not particularly pleasant:

> effects can range from mild nausea and twitching to drowsiness, cholinergic crisis-like effects (low blood pressure, sweating and salivation), auditory and visual distortions, mood changes, euphoria, relaxation, ataxia, and loss of equilibrium (like with tetanus)

> In cases of serious poisoning the mushroom causes delirium, somewhat similar in effect to anticholinergic poisoning (such as that caused by Datura stramonium), characterised by bouts of marked agitation with confusion, hallucinations, and irritability followed by periods of central nervous system depression. Seizures and coma may also occur in severe poisonings.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria#Symptoms


But it has been used for ritual purposes.

In Russia, it's instantly recognizable as a poisonous mushroom - it's a symbol of "danger" that's as obvious as a skull-and-crossbones. Here, in America, most people I've talked to don't even know what it is.


Depends on how is prepared. If you heat it and prep it the right away it makes a fantastic sleep med. If you don't prep it right you get delirious and people can hurt themselves. You also can't take too much or that can also become delerious. I think that's why it never caught on even though it's far more effective than any other over the counter sleep inducing herb or supplement(in my experience)


It's quite beautiful, but also a bit scary that it can pop up all over urban areas on the west coast of Canada/U.S in Autumn, as well as in the forest. I'm not sure if it's common enough knowledge for people to teach their kids not to mess with them.


There's some variety of little people myth in most cultures. There's also giant myths in most and there's no mushroom for that.

I think those kinds of myths are just natural progressions of exaggerations and oral storytelling


> there's no mushroom for that.

There is actually quite a large body of research, going back as far as the earliest scientific literature on psilocybin (and LSD), about this exact thing.

Useful keywords: microsomatognosia/macrosomatognosia (feeling one's own body shrink/grow), Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS), and Lilliputian/Brobdingnagian hallucinations (seeing tiny people or giants).

Besides which, if you ever are so lucky as to try a significant dose of mushrooms, you will probably see for yourself that you've been underestimating their significance in our cultural traditions.


Folklore’s roots go deeper than a single species.

Swedish tradition has it that trolls would replace human babies with their own babies. It does not take a long leap of imagination to to see how this could be used as an excuse for the practice of putting unwanted/deformed babies out into the forest ”for the wolves”. (Disclaimer: I don’t know how common that practice might have been, since it would presumably stem from prehistoric times)


The question is could that possibly relate to Neanderthals or Denisovans co-exisiting with homo sapiens.


Not in Sweden, as far as science knows. It’s a more likely explanation than orangutans, but not by much.


Nobody lived in Sweden at that time.


Since dwarfs (little people) actually exist, I don't think we need to reach into psychedelics for an explanation.


The hallucinations here involve not dwarfs, but tiny people only a few inches tall.


I was replying to the references to the canon of Western mythology around dwarves and the like.


But is this a bad thing? I'd say the less Mars Bar you eat the better.


if you pay more for it, it is


If this means you will be less prone to buy another Mars Bar, I still don't think it's a bad thing.


I expect the TSLA stock to jump another 20% based on this


do you mean based on my message alone?


It would be ridiculous if stock prices jumped or dropped just from a single message by someone! :)


I feel the opposite, AI is making me less tired at the end of a working day even though I get much more done.

What used to tire me: being forced to have a sharp eye for syntax errors when programming, or simply the effort of all the typing and navigating through source files. Trying to visualize details of the codebase I was changing, while at the same time keeping a high level picture in my head of the feature I was changing.

With AI, I can focus on the high level picture. I can focus on the steps to get there and the steps to verify that it works. I don't have to focus on syntax anymore and there is much less need to visualize large parts of my code base. With AI, work is still tiring but much less, and in a different way.


You were probably just inexperienced in coding. AI has completely bridged that gap. Someone with a 1000 hours coding experience has almost the same speed as someone with 10 hours of experience who gets stuck on syntax like you said.

In return, there is not much of mastery anymore. Being a craftsman is a deeply human desire that AI is destroying, not sure if this is a fun future to look forward to.


Lol, I have 42 years of experience in coding, of which 29 paid. I learned to program when I was 14 years old, studied computer science and went to work in IT. I'm 56 years old now and working as a tech lead.

> Being a craftsman is a deeply human desire that AI is destroying, not sure if this is a fun future to look forward to.

AI is giving me back the feeling I had when I first learned to program, when I was 14. At 14, I suddenly had a tool in my hands that was like an extension of my imagination. I could create tools, games and what not with it, this is what I loved. AI is that same tool on steroids. If what you like is creating things, AI lets you do it at 10 times the speed.


> If what you like is creating things, AI lets you do it at 10 times the speed.

I’ve heard some version of this take many times, all I can say is that is not what being a craftsman is. Ands that’s fine I suppose for some people and not fine for others.

The best analogy is think of a musician. As he gets better, he learns to play better tunes, and develop better tunes. Now in the future (not too distant), let us say he just needs to prompt an LLM and say make this melody a bit longer, a lower pitch etc, he is effectively making music but it is no longer the same process, and I think the joy is gone for a majority of the people, though I’m sure some exceptions will exist who prefer just prompting an AI to generate music.


Sorry but is this a bot comment? (Not replying, asking other readers)


Lol I guess this is our future, we have to prove that we are not bots. How would I prove this to you?


He might have just used an AI translation tool.


The RPKI fix is that any node in a rpki tree is signed by the certificate from the authority above it, all the way up until some root certificate that you trust. So you cannot have some party hijacking a prefix, it would not be signed by its parent authority.


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